主动脉瓣狭窄是老年人最常见的瓣膜病。主动脉瓣狭窄的自然病程不良,大约50%的患者存活不会超过2年。主动脉置换术可以改善主动脉狭窄患者的远期生存率。然而,尽管手术有获益,有大约1/3的老年患者被认为无法接受手术。
参考文献:
1.Lindroos, M., Kupari, M., Heikkil?, J. & Tilvis, R. Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 21, 1220-1225 (1993).
2.Turina, J., Hess, O., Sepulcri, F. & Krayenbuehl, H. P. Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease. Eur. Heart J. 8, 471-483 (1987).
3.Kelly, T. A. et al. Comparison of outcome of asymptomatic to symptomatic patients older than 20 years of age with valvular aortic stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol. 61, 123-130 (1988).
4.Schwarz, F. et al. The effect of aortic valve replacement on survival. Circulation 66, 1105-1110 (1982).
5.Iung, B. et al. Decision-making in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis: why are so many denied surgery? Eur. Heart J. 26, 2714-2720 (2005).
6.Cribier, A. et al. Percutaneous Transcatheter Implantation of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis for Calcific Aortic Stenosis First Human Case Description. Circulation 106, 3006-3008 (2002).
7.Cribier, A. et al. Early experience with percutaneous transcatheter implantation of heart valve prosthesis for the treatment of end-stage inoperable patients with calcific aortic stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43, 698-703 (2004).
8.Cribier, A. et al. Treatment of calcific aortic stenosis with the percutaneous heart valve: mid-term follow-up from the initial feasibility studies: the French experience. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, 1214-1223 (2006).
9.Grube, E. et al. Percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve self-expanding valve prosthesis in high-risk patients with aortic valve disease: the Siegburg first-in-man study. Circulation 114, 1616-1624 (2006).
10.Leon, M. B. et al. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. New England Journal of Medicine 363, 1597-1607 (2010).
11.Kodali, S. K. et al. Two-Year Outcomes after Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement. New England Journal of Medicine 366, 1686-1695 (2012).
12.Health, C. for D. and R. Recently-Approved Devices - Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve (THV) - P110021. at <http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm327342.htm>
13.Lichtenstein, S. V. et al. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in humans: initial clinical experience. Circulation 114, 591-596 (2006).
14.Walther, T. et al. Minimally invasive transapical beating heart aortic valve implantation--proof of concept. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31, 9-15 (2007).
15.Walther, T. et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 116, I240-245 (2007).
16.Webb, J. G. et al. Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 116, 755-763 (2007).
17.Moynagh, A. M. et al. CoreValve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation via the Subclavian ArteryComparison With the Transfemoral Approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 57, 634-635 (2011).
18.Bloomfield, G. S. et al. A Practical Guide to Multimodality Imaging of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 5, 441-455 (2012).
19.Altiok, E. et al. Comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging techniques for measurement of aortic annulus diameters before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart 97, 1578-1584 (2011).
20.Ng, A. C. T. et al. Comparison of aortic root dimensions and geometries before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation by 2- and 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and multislice computed tomography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3, 94-102 (2010).
21.Achenbach, S. et al. SCCT expert consensus document on computed tomography imaging before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 6, 366-380 (2012).
22.Détaint, D. et al. Determinants of significant paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve: implantation impact of device and annulus discongruence. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2, 821-827 (2009).
23.Tay, E. L. W. et al. Outcome of patients after transcatheter aortic valve embolization. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4, 228-234 (2011).
24.Blanke, P. et al. Prosthesis oversizing in balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with contained rupture of the aortic root. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 5, 540-548 (2012).
25.Piazza, N. et al. Anatomy of the Aortic Valvar Complex and Its Implications for Transcatheter Implantation of the Aortic Valve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 1, 74-81 (2008).
26.Jabbour, A. et al. Multimodality Imaging in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Post-Procedural Aortic RegurgitationComparison Among Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Cardiac Computed Tomography, and Echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 58, 2165-2173 (2011).
27.Blanke, P. et al. Conformational pulsatile changes of the aortic annulus: impact on prosthesis sizing by computed tomography for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 5, 984-994 (2012).
28.Gurvitch, R. et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: durability of clinical and hemodynamic outcomes beyond 3 years in a large patient cohort. Circulation 122, 1319-1327 (2010).
29.Tamburino, C. et al. Incidence and Predictors of Early and Late Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in 663 Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis. Circulation (2011). doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.946533
30.Eltchaninoff, H. et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: early results of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry. Eur. Heart J. 32, 191-197 (2011).
31.Kurra, V. et al. Prevalence of significant peripheral artery disease in patients evaluated for percutaneous aortic valve insertion: Preprocedural assessment with multidetector computed tomography. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 137, 1258-1264 (2009).